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WebThe short essay on rainwater harvesting points out that the excessive use of groundwater by people leads to its shortage. Deforestation and urbanisation are also contributing WebApr 8, · There are basically two types of rainwater harvesting namely surface runoff harvesting and rooftop harvesting. In a surface runoff method, we make a path from WebRain Water Harvesting Essay 5 ( words) Now-a-days, people have been depended on the government system of water supply for getting water for their every need. The WebEssay Contents: Essay on the Introduction to Water Harvesting Essay on the History of Water Harvesting Essay on the Need for Water Harvesting Essay on the Concept and WebRainwater Harvesting System Research Paper. Words11 Pages. Performance of Rainwater Harvesting System Based on Roof Catchment Area and Storage Tank ... read more
For better water harvesting response, the soil of catchment area should have following properties:. Apart from above the followings are also very important parameters, which affect the crop performance under water harvesting combinations. The soil texture influences several important soil characteristics including infiltration rate and water holding capacity. Soil texture represents the soil composition in terms of mineral particles. The medium textured soils are normally the best for water harvesting purpose, because of the reason that these soils are ideally suited for plant growth in terms of nutrient supply, biological activity and water holding capacity. This soil property refers to the group of soil particles in the aggregates; and arrangement of the aggregates.
A loamy soil includes good structure and relatively high content of organic matter. Due to this reason, the loamy soil is considered to be a good soil for water harvesting. Under hot climatic condition, the level of organic matter is often low because of rapid rate of decomposition. In general, the application of organic materials such as crop residues and animal manure in loamy soil is very conducive to improve the soil structure. The soil depth is very important for better water harvesting. In the condition of greater soil depth, the quantum of runoff harvesting gets increase because of greater available storage space in the soil. The soils with less than 1 m depths are poorly suitable for water harvesting.
The ideal soil depth for water harvesting point of view is 2 m or more. The level of soil fertility also affects the water harvesting. In many areas where water-harvesting system has been introduced, the lack of moisture content and low soil fertility are the major constraints to cultivate the crops. For better response of recycled harvested water the attention should always be given to maintain a good fertility level in the soil. A soil is said to be sodic when it has high exchangeable sodium percentage; on the other hand when soil contains excess soluble salts then it is called saline soil.
These soils should be avoided for water harvesting purposes, because there is significant reduction in moisture availability as well as creating harmful effects on plant growth. Infiltration Rate :. The soil types mainly affect the infiltration rate. Depending on the soil types the variation in infiltration rate is presented in Table A soil with very low infiltration rate is not good for profile water harvesting point of view, because of the possibility of development of surface water logging problem in the area. On the other hand, a low infiltration rate causes a high runoff rate, which is desirable for the catchment area to supply sufficient water for harvesting in reservoirs like structure which water can be utilized for electricity generation or for directing to the canal system for irrigation purposes.
In general, the soils of cropped area should be sufficiently permeable to allow adequate moisture availability in the crop root zone without causing water logging problem. Available Water Content :. The water holding capacity and ability of soil to release the water are considered very important parameters for water harvesting point of view. Regarding water harvesting structure, in which runoff water is stored, the soil should be such that which could hold the water for long duration, so that the harvested water could be available for the crop use for longer duration. This quantity of water when infiltrated, is adequate to replenish the soil profile from permanent wilting point to field capacity and any surplus water if there, gets lost by deep percolation; and thus being for a potential water logging hazard.
Essay 6. Water Harvesting Design Model for Catchment Cultivated Area Ratio : The water harvesting system consists of two components, i. one is the catchment, which is the collection unit for rainwater, and other is the cultivated area also called concentration area. There is definite relationship between the collection unit and the cultivated area. For an appropriate design of water harvesting system the ratio between catchment area and cultivated area must be known, which are determined mainly on the basis of rainfall, runoff and crop water requirement data of the area, where water harvesting structures are to be constructed.
The accuracy in estimation depends very much on the accuracy in above motioned data. But in real practice, there is very wide variation in rainfall, runoff or other required data. The rainfall and runoff are characteristically erratic. It is therefore, sometimes becomes necessary to modify the design procedure based on the experience, and by incorporating few safety measures, such as provision of cut-off drains to avoid damage when rainfall exceeds the design limit. The calculation procedure of ratio of catchment area to cultivated area C: CA is described as under:. Computation of Ratio of Catchment Area to Cultivated Area :. The calculation of ratio between catchment area and cultivated area is based on the concept that the quantity of harvested water must be equal to the extra water required for needful, i.
In which, the amount of water harvested from the contributing catchment depends on host of the factors, such as topographical characteristics, land use, rainfall etc. Effects of these factors are on the runoff producing behaviour of the catchment. There are several methods for computing the runoff, based on the topographical characteristics, land uses and climatic characteristics, but for water harvesting is concerned, the runoff for a defined time scale is predicted by multiplying the design rainfall with the runoff coefficient. Also for better accuracy, it is additionally multiplied with an efficiency factor for compensating the deep percolation losses.
The following formula can be used for computing the amount of water to be harvested based on the catchment area, rainfall, runoff coefficient and efficiency factor —. The amount of extra-required water is computed by multiplying the size of cultivated area and the net crop water requirement. The net crop water requirement is the total water requirement minus rainfall depth taken place. It is presented as under —. x Eff. The equation This formula is not valid for tree plantations. For trees the following formula can be used —. In above formula, the area exploited by root system is taken as the area of the tree canopy. For few tree species, the size of catchment and cultivated area followed in different countries is presented in Table The table values can be taken into consideration for design purposes of water harvesting structures.
For rangeland and fodder cases, it is generally not necessary to calculate the ratio of catchment area and cultivated area C: CA for design of water harvesting system for fodder production or rangeland rehabilitation. However, as a general guideline that the ratio of to for micro catchments, which are normally used, are found appropriate. Various parameters involved in above relationship are described as under:. It depends on the type of crop to be grown and climate of the area. A detail view about crop water requirement can be have from the reference Suresh R It is the seasonal rain depth, based on which the water harvesting system is designed.
The rainfall depth data is essential for determining the amount of runoff likely to be generated from the catchment area, which is expected to get store in the water harvesting structure. The design rainfall depth refers to the rainfall of a specified probability. The consideration of design rainfall makes the system design, more reliable. If the rainfall is lesser than the design rainfall, then there is possibility of risk of crop failure due to moisture stress, along with not availability of excess water for harvesting purpose. And if the rainfall is more than the design rainfall, then runoff will be in surplus, which can be used for water harvesting. It is the fraction of rainfall, which gets change into surface runoff. It depends on several factors such as slope steepness, soil type, vegetative cover, antecedent soil moisture content, rainfall intensity and duration.
The runoff coefficient varies between 0 and 1. This factor takes into account the losses of rainwater due to deep percolation and evaporation, and non-uniform distribution of water within the field. In level cultivated lands, its value is at higher side. The micro-catchment systems have higher efficiency because depth of water ponding is less. Essay 7. Site and Technique Selection for Water Harvesting: There are several factors which decide to a most suitable site and technique for design and construction of water harvesting structures; few of them are outlined as under:. It is very important that before selecting any specific technique for water harvesting, the consideration must be given to the social and cultural aspects prevailing in the area because they are paramount, and affect the success of the implemented technique.
There, most of the population have experienced basic subsistence regimes, which resulted over the centuries in setting priorities for survival. Regarding selection of technique, the consideration of cost and risks is very important. The cost and risks must be compared within various techniques, and based on that the selection should made to that which involve less cost and risk, as well. In addition, the water quality, operational and maintenance costs should also be taken into consideration. The area, where water of better quality, cheaper technology, easier to obtain or there is less risk, should always be given priority. Technical Criterion :.
The water harvesting projects are only being sustainable, when they are socially acceptable and economically viable and also when fulfill the basic technical criteria. It is one of the very important limiting factors for water harvesting. The soil should have all those attributes, which are suitable for irrigation. In other words, the soil should be deep; not be saline or sodic and also possess inherent fertility. A serious limitation for water harvesting is with the soils in sandy texture. The sandy soil contains very high infiltration rate; because of this reason there is more possibility of no yield of runoff if rainfall depth is mild.
In general, for yield of sufficient runoff from watershed, the infiltration rate should always be lesser than the rainfall intensity. Always, there should be the consideration of cost effectiveness technique for water harvesting. To fulfill it, the site should be that, where minimum earthwork is required; construction materials are easily available in the nearby area; people of the area are very progressive in attitude; laborers are easily available in the area etc. These parameters minimize the total input cost. Essay 8. Tassa :. This is a traditional water harvesting structure pit like structure used in arid and semiarid zones of Sahel FAO, These pits are constructed during dry season by digging the soil, down slope.
For making safe storage of runoff, the stones are placed at upslope side around the pits. After constructing such pits in the field, about 1 or 2 handful of dry dung The application of dung enables to increase the infiltration rate of the soil, which results into significant storage of water in the soil profile. Water scarcity is the greatest concern now, and it is even assumed that the next war will be fought for water. Hence, it is vital to preserve the water we get through the rain as it is essential for our sustenance. With the help of this essay on rainwater harvesting PDF, we will be able to understand the significance of rainwater harvesting. Rainwater harvesting is a simple and the most economical way of water conservation.
We find it difficult to meet our daily water needs if we rely only on surface water. Besides, most of the water we get is polluted, which adds to the problem of water scarcity. The short essay on rainwater harvesting points out that the excessive use of groundwater by people leads to its shortage. Deforestation and urbanisation are also contributing factors to this problem. Hence, there must be an alternative solution to maintain the level of groundwater. Rainwater is the purest form of water, and it can be utilised for several purposes.
Rainwater harvesting also prevents the logging of water on roads and soil erosion. Thus, the essay rainwater harvesting emphasises that rainwater harvesting is the best alternative to conserve water. Rainwater harvesting is a feasible and simple method that anyone can practise. In this part of the essay rainwater harvesting, we will see different methods of harvesting rainwater. We will also discuss surface runoff harvesting and rooftop rainwater harvesting methods in this short essay on rainwater harvesting. In surface runoff harvesting, we collect the water that is runoff from the surface by making a pathway to a big storage tank.
The water collected from roads, parks and gardens can be stored for a long period in large amounts, which can be later used for cooking or drinking after filtering properly. For rooftop harvesting, the roof of a house or building acts as a rainwater collecting and storage unit. The roof is fitted with pipes that collect rainwater and direct it to a tank. Instead of letting the rainwater fall on the ground, this method is convenient for conserving water. Children will be able to realise the importance of rainwater harvesting through this short essay on rainwater harvesting. You can easily download the essay on rainwater harvesting PDF from our website.
Apart from the essay rainwater harvesting, we have a lot more interesting content for kids learning. As the country is facing water scarcity, we must prevent the wastage of water and preserve it.
We are providing several types of paragraphs and essays here, which are available on rainwater harvesting for students under very limited limited boundaries. This is a very important topic that can be useful for students for various competitions and school examinations on various occasions. Its students can use it according to its requirement. Here you can find some essay on rainwater harvesting in English language for students in , , , , and words. Rainwater Harvesting is a technique that is the process of saving and collecting rain water through the use of various means of various resources such as agriculture etc.
for future use. Rain water can be collected in natural reservoirs or artificial tanks. Before finishing the surface surface, the end of the surface water from the supernatural rocky layer is another way of collecting magic. Storage of roof water is also a way of collecting rain water. These methods are very important for people living in low-rainfall areas. In the shortage of regular water supply, they can continue to cultivate seasonal crops with rain water. Whenever it rains, rain water can be stored in man-made ponds or tank. In the same place where it falls on the roof or on the ground, man water or other natural resources collects rain water such as ponds, lakes, etc. collecting rain water. For the future use, two main techniques for gathering rain water harvesting and recharge from the ground.
It can be used for cultivation, plant water or defecation. The following benefits of accumulation of rain water at individual or city level are as follows:. Rain water harvesting ie natural water storage or man-made tank rain water is to be collected. This is the technique to collect and store rain water for various purposes in the future. The most common and easy way to collect rain water is to collect roof water. Using this technique, we can collect large amounts of clean rain water in rainy season. It can be used for long hours for home work, such as water for plants, for animals and for cultivation etc.
Tamil Nadu is the only state in India and it will now be the first Indian state to collect rain water where it will be necessary. The Tamil Nadu State Government had announced on May 30, that about 50, structures should be established to collect rain water at different places in Chennai. Till now, there are about temples in Tamil Nadu who keep tank for rainwater harvesting, which are also helping to recharge the water of the land. Every drop of rain on the earth is like the blessings of God for the people.
The fresh rain water falls on the ground like a pearl, so the importance of lack of natural water resources, especially the importance of rain water should be understood by everyone in the areas of developing areas. We should try to run rain water on the roofs and roads without wasting waste. Using new and effective techniques to simplify the supply of water in all areas, we should bring the old tradition of collecting water. Because only hand pump, well and ground water level other resources can not meet the needs of millions of water. To provide water to prone areas of water, rain water is the most permanent and effective way for many years to collect water. Gathering rain water from many benefits is a very cheap way, it is useful for many purposes like domestic works, field irrigation, livestock, agriculture and animal husbandry etc.
This helps in reducing the water level of the land in both experiential and beneficial ways. Groundwater level can be filled again by gathering rain water from the ditch, well digging, various shapes, etc. However, other methods of water harvesting, such as water tank, pond etc. At least 4 to 6 months is very effective in the hills and desert areas of India and other countries. By making large and clean water shapes, more clean rainwater can be collected during the rainy season. In today's days, people rely on the government system of supply of water for all water needs. The current scenario of water management and distribution by the government has become centralized in the cities, which has brought great difference in community responsibility in water management.
It is slowly but ending the old method of collecting water on a regular basis. Rainwater Harvesting is an old but effective technique for gathering rain water in the rainy season to fulfill various objectives in the future. It is often used in different places of India to emerge from the problem of water scarcity. The best way to recharge groundwater level in natural way is to store rain water. However, due to decrease in the intake of rain water from the ground, increasing the level of urbanization and the development of the cities, the level of ground water is decreasing every day. With the lack of use of underground water in rain water harvesting, there is always a way to maintain its level in the future.
It is very important for supply of water demand for different purposes for the drought affected areas of India and other countries. From the following points it will become clear why store rain water:. Rain water can be collected better by using the following methods, such as avoiding surface and roof water or avoiding wastage. In both ways, it helps in increasing the ground water level, as well as helps in an affordable and easy water supply system to meet various needs. Rainwater harvesting is to collect and collect rain water through natural resources and artificial design resources to cater to the shortage of water in the future and to stop the water flowing.
The amount of water harvesting is affected by many factors like the probability of rainfall, the amount of rainfall, the method of collecting rain water and the size of the resources to collect water. There are many reasons, such as deforestation and ecological imbalance, the level of ground water is decreasing. Due to urbanization and industrialization in urban areas, demand for water supply is increasing. The reason for this is the use of excessive groundwater which is going downwards. If no immediate action is taken immediately, then the danger of water shortage will increase in the future and it can prove to be a threat to life. Water harvesting is very useful to meet various needs like recharge of ground water, reducing the electricity bill spent in supplying water and supplying simple water at any time whenever it is required.
It has been assessed that the increase in water level of 1 meter will save the power of 0. Collection of rain water is very important for people of all areas. It is very good to finish the fear of water shortage in the future. Understanding the following points will help why rainwater harvesting is needed:. Collecting rain water from the surface is very effective and traditional technique. These small ponds, underground tanks, dams, dams etc. can be used. However, recharge of ground water is a new method of storage. By well charging, excavator, crater, ditch, hand pump, can be opened by digging well.
Dear Reader, My name is Manisha Dubey Jha. I have been blogging for 3 years and through the Fast Read. in I have been giving important educational content as far as possible to the reader. Hope you like everyone, please share your classmate too. As a literature person, I am very passionate about reading and participating in my thoughts on paper. So what is better than adopting writing as a profession? With over three years of experience in the given area, I am making an online reputation for my clients. If any mistakes or wrong in the article, please suggest us fastread. ait gmail. Essay on Rain Water Harvesting Feed by sandy Cat- Essay.
Essay on rain water harvesting words Rainwater Harvesting is a technique that is the process of saving and collecting rain water through the use of various means of various resources such as agriculture etc. Essay 2 on rainwater harvesting words In the same place where it falls on the roof or on the ground, man water or other natural resources collects rain water such as ponds, lakes, etc. The following benefits of accumulation of rain water at individual or city level are as follows: This water supply bill generally reduces the bills of institutions.
By reducing the quality of ground water by reducing fluoride, nitrates and salinity, rain water is recharged in the ground. This is almost neutral pH and zero stiffness which is suitable for more use in homes, industries, institutions and other commercial establishments. This can reduce the concern of public water supply sources. Due to the recharge of rain water from the ground, sea water dip into fresh water sources in the coastal areas. This helps in urban flood control if people collect rainwater from the roofs. This will reduce the demand for water from the municipality, thereby reducing the energy cost of water distribution across the city.
Essay 3 on rainwater harvesting words Rain water harvesting ie natural water storage or man-made tank rain water is to be collected. The following benefits have been collected for rain water: In order to reduce water supply loads and power bills of municipality, improve water supply for free, it helps in crop production in rural areas, thereby increasing food security. Rain water harvesting system helps in reducing domestic or personal insecurity in rural areas. It provides easy and low cost water supply in low-water areas, which helps in food security and income generation.
Essay 4 on rainwater harvesting words Every drop of rain on the earth is like the blessings of God for the people. Essay on rain water harvesting words In today's days, people rely on the government system of supply of water for all water needs. From the following points it will become clear why store rain water: It plays a major role in protecting the water level by falling from the ground and helps to improve it. It helps in improving water quality in water quality level. It prevents the surface water from flowing during monsoon and preserves more water. This helps reduce soil erosion. It is about the old tradition of water conservation among the people.
Essay on rain water harvesting words Rainwater harvesting is to collect and collect rain water through natural resources and artificial design resources to cater to the shortage of water in the future and to stop the water flowing. Why rain water harvesting is necessary: Collection of rain water is very important for people of all areas. Understanding the following points will help why rainwater harvesting is needed: Water demand for water for various purposes can not be fulfilled. All dependents on land water for all needs.
Essay on Rain Water Harvesting for Children and Students,Rain Water Harvesting Essay 300 Words
WebRainwater Harvesting System Research Paper. Words11 Pages. Performance of Rainwater Harvesting System Based on Roof Catchment Area and Storage Tank WebThe short essay on rainwater harvesting points out that the excessive use of groundwater by people leads to its shortage. Deforestation and urbanisation are also contributing WebApr 8, · There are basically two types of rainwater harvesting namely surface runoff harvesting and rooftop harvesting. In a surface runoff method, we make a path from WebRain Water Harvesting Essay 5 ( words) Now-a-days, people have been depended on the government system of water supply for getting water for their every need. The WebEssay Contents: Essay on the Introduction to Water Harvesting Essay on the History of Water Harvesting Essay on the Need for Water Harvesting Essay on the Concept and ... read more
Hence, there must be an alternative solution to maintain the level of groundwater. Essay 6. D Student, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, Indonesia 2Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, Indonesia 3School of Architecture, Planning, and Development Policy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Indonesia 4Water Resources Development Center, Bandung Institute of Technology, Indonesia 5Center for Research on Infrastructure and Regional, Bandung Institute of Technology, Indonesia Abstract. A variety of water harvesting techniques for different applications are available. Cahyono2,4, Hadi Kardhana2,5, Widjaja Martokusumo3 1Ph.
The soil types mainly affect the infiltration rate. The crops are sown in the pits when rain gets start. Till now, approximately 4, of the temples in the Tamilnadu have rain water tanks serving at various rituals in temples essay on rainwater harvesting help in recharging the groundwater. Also, the duration of various seasons has been changed. In addition, also to store water for irrigation, domestic or livestock use but priority is always given to use the harvested water for crop production.
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